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Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATETuesday, February 9, 2010 8:13 AM HST (Tuesday, February 9, 2010 18:13 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: Kilauea was active at two locations. At the summit, lava was visible via webcam sloshing and spattering within at least two openings in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed surface flows that have advanced onto the coastal plain; there are no active ocean entries. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both summit and east rift zone vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Lava was visible via webcam within several small openings in the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater; the lava surface rose out of the holes and flooded the pit bottom five times. The glow, visible from the Jaggar Museum Overlook, was the brightest since January 19, 2010.

The summit vent gas plume is moving low and to the southwest this morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 700 tonnes/day on February 8, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day. Small amounts of mostly ash-sized tephra continued to be carried by the ascending gas plume and deposited on nearby surfaces.

The summit tiltmeter network recorded no significant ground tilt. GPS receivers on either side of Kilauea caldera recorded extension. Seismic tremor levels have remained relatively steady and low with a few brief tremor bursts and one hybrid earthquake signal at 7:21 pm last night; tremor levels abruptly increased just after 9 pm last night and remained high with a few brief drops back to the pre-9 pm level. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was within background values. Five earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located - one beneath the southwest rift zone, two beneath the area northwest of the summit area, and two on other south flank faults.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. No glow was recorded by webcam within Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o recorded no significant ground tilt. GPS receivers on either side of Pu`u `O`o Crater recorded extension of the crater. Seismic tremor levels slowly increased near the Pu`u `O`o vent and were low and steady near the TEB vent. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near the Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vents were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper portion of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding flows that were advancing slowly across the coastal plain. Yesterday, HVO geologists mapped pahoehoe lobes that advanced south about 700 m in the last 5 days from the base of the pali onto the coastal plain. GOES-WEST imagery included strong thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting continued surface flow activity through dawn.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATEMonday, February 8, 2010 7:33 AM HST (Monday, February 8, 2010 17:33 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: Kilauea was active at two locations. At the summit, lava was visible via webcam sloshing and spattering within at least two openings in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed surface flows; the ocean entry has not been active for a month. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both summit and east rift zone vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Lava spattered incessantly within at least two openings at the north and south edges of the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater until the webcam stopped at midnight; the lava surface was slowly rising but remained within the openings. The webcam will be restored as soon as possible. Glow within the gas plume was visible from the Jaggar Museum Overlook.

The summit vent gas plume is moving to the southwest this morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,200 tonnes/day on February 4, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day.

The summit tiltmeter network recorded weakening DI inflation. GPS receivers on either side of Kilauea caldera are recording extension. Seismic tremor levels have remained relatively steady since 11 am yesterday. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was within background values. Seven earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located - two beneath the southwest rift zone, two beneath the summit area, and three on other south flank faults.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. No glow was recorded by webcam within Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o recorded weakening DI inflation. GPS receivers on either side of Pu`u `O`o Crater are recording extension of the crater. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near the Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vents were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper portion of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding flows above and on the pali. CD officials reported good viewing last night with flows breaking out mid-pali and possible pooling at the pali base. GOES-WEST imagery included strong thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting increasing surface flow activity.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATESunday, February 7, 2010 7:55 AM HST (Sunday, February 7, 2010 17:55 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: Kilauea was active at two locations. At the summit, lava visible via webcam rising and falling within at least two openings in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and probably fed surface flows; the ocean entry has not been active for a month. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both summit and east rift zone vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Lava rose and drained back within at least thwo openings at the north and south edges of the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater; since midnight, the lava rose high enough that it covered at least part of the pit bottom before draining back into the openings. The increase in activity produced the strongest glow in almost a week within the gas plume visible from the Jaggar Museum Overlook.

The summit vent gas plume rises about 500 m (1,600 ft) and moves to the southwest this morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,200 tonnes/day on February 4, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day.

The summit tiltmeter network recorded continued DI inflation. Seismic tremor levels started to drop at the switch to DI inflation and dropped again to half pre-DI inflation values at 11:40 am yesterday; since that drop, episodic tremor was recorded during two periods - 11:40 am to 9:50 pm yesterday and low-frequency episodic tremor between 2:45 and 5:40 am this morning. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was within background values. An unusually large number of earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located - one beneath the upper and eight beneath the middle southwest rift zone (the cluster was located about 5 km, 3 miles, southwest of Kamakaia Hills), two on the Kulanaokuaiki pali fault including a magnitude-3.1 quake this morning, four more on other south flank faults including two offshore, and one beneath the area north of the summit caldera.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. Incandescence was recorded by webcam from a hole at the base of the south wall within Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o recorded continued DI inflation. GPS receivers on either side of Pu`u `O`o Crater are recording extension of the crater. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady, decreasing slightly with the DI inflation. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near the Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vents were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper 2 miles of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding flows above and on the pali. CD officials reported some glowing spots on the pali last night. GOES-WEST imagery included strengthening thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting increasing surface flow activity.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATESaturday, February 6, 2010 7:52 AM HST (Saturday, February 6, 2010 17:52 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: DI inflation started early this morning and Kilauea was active at two locations. At the summit, lava was deep and sometimes visible via webcam within at least three openings in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed sluggish surface flows that advanced to the coastal plain; the ocean entry has not been active for about 4 weeks. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both summit and east rift zone vents remained elevated. If Kilauea responds to the current DI event as the volcano has responded to past events, surface activity may stall or continue to slow before resuming over the next few days.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Lava remained deep within at least three openings at the north, south, and east edges of the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater; spattering could sometimes be seen from the larger south opening. The openings produced glow within the gas plume that was visible from the Jaggar Museum Overlook.

The summit vent gas plume rises about 500 m (1,600 ft) and moves to the southwest this morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,200 tonnes/day on February 4, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day.

The summit tiltmeter network recorded the switch to DI inflation at 2:30 am this morning. Seismic tremor levels remained elevated and steady. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was within background values. Five earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located - three on south flank faults, one beneath Halema`uma`u Crater, and one beneath the area north of the upper east rift zone.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. Weak incandescence was recorded by webcam from a hole at the base of the south wall within Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight; the incandescence appeared to strengthen overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o recorded the switch to DI inflation at 7 am this morning. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near the Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vents were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper 2 miles of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding flows above and on the pali. Yesterday morning's MODIS image included thermal anomalies on the pali between clouds. Yesterday afternoon, HVO geologists reported that sluggish pahoehoe flows advanced a short distance onto the coastal plain. GOES-WEST imagery included weakening thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting diminishing surface flow activity.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATEFriday, February 5, 2010 7:20 AM HST (Friday, February 5, 2010 17:20 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: DI deflation continued and Kilauea was active at two vents. At the summit, lava was deep and sometimes visible via webcam within at least three openings in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed surface flows that extended to the base of the pali; the ocean entry has not been active for about 4 weeks. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Lava remained deep within at least three openings at the north, south, and east edges of the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater; spattering was sometimes visible via webcam from the north and south openings; the openings produced glow within the gas plume that was a bit more intense last night and visible from the Jaggar Museum Overlook.

The summit vent gas plume is moving to the southwest this morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,200 tonnes/day on February 4, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day. Increased, but still small amounts of mostly ash-sized tephra were carried out of the pit by ascending gases; this morning's collection consisted of mostly older, recycled material consist with the unusual number of rockfalls/hybrid earthquakes overnight (see below).

The summit tiltmeter network continued recording DI deflation with 2-3 small positive offsets during hybrid earthquakes that were probably caused by rockfalls. Seismic tremor levels remained elevated and have become steady at the high level of recent tremor variability; at least four hybrid earthquakes were recorded between 5pm yesterday and 5 am this morning. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was within background values. Nine earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located - six on south flank faults, one beneath the lower southwest rift zone, and two beneath the area northwest of the summit caldera.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. No glow was recorded by webcam from within Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o continued to record DI deflation. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper 2 miles of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding surface flows above and on the pali. Yesterday afternoon's MODIS image included thermal anomalies extending to the base of the pali. GOES-WEST imagery included strong thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting continuing surface flow activity. If Kilauea responds to the current DI event as the volcano has responded to past events, surface activity may diminish or stall over the next few days.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATEThursday, February 4, 2010 7:28 AM HST (Thursday, February 4, 2010 17:28 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: DI deflation continued and Kilauea activity was more muted at two vents. At the summit, lava was deep and mostly out of webcam view, but present, within an opening in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing very dim glow that was occasionally visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed surface flows that extended to the base of the pali; the ocean entry has not been active for about 4 weeks. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: The lava surface retreated deep within an opening in the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater and was only sometimes visible via webcam after about 6 am this morning when it rose briefly into view; the continued presence of lava could be inferred by the glow within the gas plume which was dim when visible overnight from the Jaggar Museum Overlook.

The summit vent gas plume is moving to the south this morning; yesterday's plume was reported moving southwest in the morning but twisted around quicker than Linda Blair's head in the "Exorcist" so that it was moving to the north by mid morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,000 tonnes/day on February 1, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day. Small amounts of mostly ash-sized tephra, consisting largely of fresh spatter bits, were carried out of the pit by ascending gases.

The summit tiltmeter network continued recording DI deflation. Seismic tremor levels remained elevated and have, again, become quite variable. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was within background values. Four earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located - two more along a south-trending delineation through south flank faults and two beneath the area west of the southwest rift zone.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. No glow was recorded by webcam from within Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o continued to record DI deflation. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper 2 miles of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding surface flows above and on the pali. Yesterday, HVO geologists confirmed the location of several small `a`a channels advancing down the pali through forest on the west side of the TEB flows and reaching the coastal plain. GOES-WEST imagery included strong thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting continuing surface flow activity. If Kilauea responds to the current DI event as the volcano has responded to past events, surface activity may diminish or stall over the next few days.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATEWednesday, February 3, 2010 8:17 AM HST (Wednesday, February 3, 2010 18:17 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: DI deflation started early this morning and Kilauea continued activity at two vents. At the summit, lava was visible via webcam within an opening in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook becoming dimmer this morning. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed surface flows that extended to the base of the pali; the ocean entry has not been active for about 4 weeks. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: The summit tiltmeter network recorded the start of DI deflation at 2:15 am this morning after several hours of slower deflation. The lava surface was visible via webcam rising and falling within an opening in the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater; after the start of DI deflation, the lava surface remained low and was only intermittently visible. The glow was visible overnight from the Jaggar Museum Overlook but became quite dim after the start of DI deflation.

The summit vent gas plume is moving to the southwest this morning; a rockfall occurred at 4:27 pm yesterday afternoon producing a noticeable dust plume. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,000 tonnes/day on February 1, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day. Small amounts of mostly ash-sized tephra, consisting mostly of fresh spatter bits, were carried out of the pit by ascending gases.

The GPS network, which is less sensitive than the tiltmeter network, recorded weak contraction of the caldera. Seismic tremor levels remained elevated and variable, dropping while lava levels rose and increasing during draining; a hybrid earthquake accompanied yesterday afternoon's dust plume. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes was high near the vent but within background values.

Five earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located along a south-trending delineation through south flank faults marking the end of the "slow earthquake" that appears to have occurred over the last few days; the previous event, June 17-19, 2007, was apparently triggered by the Father's Day east rift zone intrusion. We are continuing analysis of the 2010 event.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. Incandescence was visible from a hole low on the south wall of Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight until just after 2 am when the hole went dark, possibly correlated with the start of DI deflation.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o recorded the start of DI deflation at about 2:30 am this morning. The GPS network, which is less sensitive than the tiltmeter network, recorded weak contraction across Pu`u `O`o Crater. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper 2 miles of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding surface flows above and on the pali. MODIS imagery included thermal anomalies that extended down the pali on the west side of the TEB flows. CD officials passed on a pilot report that described a single active flow on the pali advancing down the west side of the TEB flows. The TEcam recorded a few spots of glow at the top of the pali overnight. GOES-WEST imagery included strong thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting continuing surface flow activity. This morning, CD officials and a local pilot both reported that the single channelized flow had reached the base of the pali. If Kilauea responds to this DI event has the volcano has responded to past events, surface activity may diminish or stall over the next few days.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATETuesday, February 2, 2010 8:24 AM HST (Tuesday, February 2, 2010 18:24 UTC)

This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at http://www.nps.gov/havo/ or 985-6000. Hawai`i County Viewing Area status can be found at 961-8093. All times are Hawai`i Standard Time.

KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW #1302-01-)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH

Activity Summary for past 24 hours: Kilauea continued activity at two vents. At the summit, lava was visible via webcam within an opening in the bottom of a deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater producing glow that was visible from Jaggar Overlook overnight. At the east rift zone vents, lava flowed through the upper tube system and fed surface flows above the pali; the ocean entry has not been active for almost 4 weeks. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both vents remained elevated.

Past 24 hours at Kilauea summit: The lava surface was intermittently within view of the webcam within an opening in the bottom of a deep pit inset with the floor of Halema`uma`u Crater; episodic rising and falling of the lava surface was frequently recorded. The glow was visible overnight from the Jaggar Museum Overlook.

The summit vent gas plume is moving to the northeast this morning. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,000 tonnes/day on February 1, 2010, elevated above the 2003-2007 average of 140 tonnes/day. Small amounts of mostly ash-sized tephra, consisting mostly of fresh spatter bits, were carried out of the pit by ascending gases.

The summit tiltmeter network recorded weak inflation. The GPS network, which is less sensitive than the tiltmeter network, recorded weak contraction of the caldera. Seismic tremor levels remained elevated and variable, dropping while lava levels rose and increasing during draining. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes remained within background values.

Sixteen earthquakes beneath Kilauea were strong enough to be located along a south-trending delineation through south flank faults. This occurrence and preliminary data that indicate south flank GPS receivers moved 2 cm southward yesterday suggest that a "slow earthquake" may have occurred. Confirmation will take some time.

Past 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma degases through Pu`u `O`o crater before erupting from the TEB vent, located 2 km to the east. The most recent sulfur dioxide emission rate measurement was 1,100 tonnes/day on January 21, 2010, elevated but below the 2003-2007 average of 1,700 tonnes/day. Incandescence was visible from a hole low on the south wall of Pu`u `O`o Crater overnight.

The tiltmeter on the north flank of Pu`u `O`o recorded continuing DI inflation. The GPS network, which is less sensitive than the tiltmeter network, recorded weak contraction across Pu`u `O`o Crater. Seismic tremor levels near the Pu`u `O`o and TEB vents were low and steady until a slight increase after midnight. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent were within background levels.

Lava from the TEB vent flowed through the upper 2 miles of the TEB tube system before breaking to the surface and feeding surface flows above and on the pali. GOES-WEST imagery included strong thermal anomalies on the flow field through dawn suggesting continuing surface flow activity.

Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo/activity/kilaueastatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/alertsystem/index.php

Definitions of Terms Used:

Halema`uma`u Overlook vent: has been difficult to describe concisely. The vent is actually a pit, or crater, in the floor of the larger Halema`uma`u Crater in the floor of the even larger Kilauea caldera or crater - a crater within a crater within a crater. The pit is about 140 m (460 ft) in diameter at the Halema`uma`u Crater floor, is about 50 m in diameter at the pit floor, and is about 200 m (660 ft) deep. As of November, 2009, a lava pond surface has been visible in a hole in the floor of this pit.

glow: light from an unseen source; indirect light.

CD: Hawai`i County Civil Defense

RB2S2BL earthquakes: earthquakes that were recorded but were too small to be located. These quakes have magnitudes less than 1.7 and may only be recorded by one or two seismometers. Recording at a minimum of 4 seismometer sites is required to locate an earthquake.

tonne: metric unit equal to 1,000 kilograms, 2,204.6 lbs, or 1.1 English tons.

tephra: all material deposited by fallout from an eruption-related plume, regardless of size.

ash: tephra less than 2 mm (5/64 inches) in size.

TEB: Thanksgiving Eve Breakout, the designation used for lava flows that started with a breakout on November 21, 2007.

microradian: a measure of angle equivalent to 0.000057 degrees.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with lava pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.

More definitions with photos can be found at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/about/pglossary/index.php .

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawai`i.

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